Abstract
Thallium, the heaviest element among Group III metals, composes one of the essential parts of cuprate high-\(T_\mathrm{c}\) superconductors. Surprisingly, however, there is few reports of superconductivity in pure Tl. Due to instability of the element, it is difficult to grow large single crystal and superconductivity is reported on only disordered thin films. In this chapter, the first observation of superconductivity in a double atomic layer of Tl epitaxially grown on Si(111) substrate using in situ electrical resistivity measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. Macroscopic superconducting transition was found at 0.96 K, accompanied by thermal and quantum fluctuations of order parameter. The system also demonstrates a perpendicular-magnetic-field-induced superconductor-insulator transition, together with an intermediate metallic state. The magnetic field dependence of the intermediate state is consistent with the Bose metal picture, which is a consequence of strong quantum fluctuations.
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