Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-9 was first described as a TH2-associated cytokine and, although it is clear that it is involved in ‘TH2-like’ inflammation and pathology, it has recently become apparent that its regulation and biology are unlike that of the other type 2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. In vitro, IL-9-producing T cells appear to be a subset distinct from those that produce the other type 2 cytokines.1 These IL-9-secreting T cells are dependent upon transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signalling and have been recognized as an independent T helper subset, termed TH9 (Figure 1). A new report from the lab of Chen Dong has identified a role for the IL-17 cytokine family member IL-25 in the regulation of TH9 cells and has highlighted how IL-25 signalling might affect IL-9-mediated inflammatory responses in a mouse model of allergic airways disease.2
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