TGFβ-mediated formation of pRb–E2F complexes in human myeloid leukemia cells

Abstract

TGFβ is well known for its inhibitory effect on cell cycle G1 checkpoint kinases. However, its role in the control of pRb–E2F complexes is not well established. TGFβ inhibits phosphorylation of pRb at several serine and threonine residues and regulates the association of E2F transcription factors with pRb family proteins. Recent studies found that predominantly E2F-4, p130, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) are found to bind to corresponding E2F-responsive promoters in G0/G1 phase. As cells progress through mid-G1, p130–E2F4 complex are replaced by p107–E2F4 followed by activators E2F1, 2, and 3. pRb was not detectable in the promoters containing the E2F-responsive site in cycling cells but was associated with E2F4–p130 complexes or E2F4–p107 complexes during G0/G1 phase. In human myeloid leukemia cell line, MV4-11, TGFβ upregulated pRb–E2F-4 and p130–E2F-4, and downregulated p107–E2F-4 complexes. However, pRB–E2F1 and pRb–E2F3 complexes were found in proliferating cells but not in TGFβ arrested G1 cells. In addition, electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) could not detect pRb–E2F DNA-binding activities either in S or G1 phase but exhibited the existence of p107–E2F4 in proliferating cells and p130–E2F4 complexes in TGFβ-arrested G1 cells, respectively. Our data suggest that p107 and p130, but not pRb, and the repressor E2F, but not activator E2Fs, play a critical role in regulating E2F-responsive gene expression in TGFβ-mediated cell cycle control in human myeloid leukemia cells.