Textures in Single-Crystal Aluminum Friction Stir Spot Welds

Abstract

The present article examines the textural features produced during friction stir spot welding of single-crystal aluminum sheet. The crystal has the {111} plane perpendicular to the normal direction (ND) of the sheet, and the $$ \left\langle { 1 10} \right\rangle $$ direction parallel to the growth direction (GD). Friction stir spot welding was carried out using a rotation speed of 1500 rpm and a dwell time of 2 seconds, and completed spot welds were characterized using a combination of optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The EBSD measurements indicate there are no significant changes in orientation in locations more than 840 μm from the stir-zone extremity. The orientation distribution in the thermomechanically-affected zone (TMAZ) region conformed with the {110}⊥ND orientation within 580 μm of the stir-zone extremity. In the location immediately adjacent to the stir-zone extremity, there was a deviation from the {110}//ND orientation due to a combination of compressive loading perpendicular to the stir-zone boundary and shear loading in the direction of tool rotation. It is suggested a {111}⊥ND texture in the stir zone is associated with material flow imposed by the thread on the rotating pin.