Texture signature based facial expression recognition using NARX

Abstract

Texture characteristics among the landmark points reflected in human faces are important features in the recognition of facial expression. In this paper, we propose a salient feature based facial expression on texture characteristics. Detection of effective landmarks are performed by appearance based models and corresponding texture regions are extracted from face images. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is used to compute the texture feature. Texture feature is used for normalizing texture signatures. In addition, we introduce stability indices corresponding to texture features which are exploited as features in the present scope. Moreover, statistical features such as moment, skewness, kurtosis and entropy are also supplemented to the feature set. These salient features together are used as an input to Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous (NARX) for recognition of the human facial expression. The Cohn-Kanade (CK+), Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE), MMI and MUG benchmark databases are used to conduct the experiments and the results justify the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.