Abstract
The textural and structural modifications of calcium bentonite (CaB) induced by ion exchange, heat treatment and acid leaching were studied by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption methods. The cation-exchange capacities (CEC) and the spontaneous and mechanical dispersion of the heat-treated samples were also measured. CaB taken from the northern coast of Egypt consisting of calcium montmorillonite (85%) and kaolinite, in addition to traces of quartz, was used in this study.CaB and its sodium and lithium forms, NaB and LiB, were calcined at 600 °C for times ranging from 2 h to 20 h, while selected calcined samples were leached with H2SO4 for 1 h. Upon heating, the decrease in the layer charge caused by the fixation of Ca2+, Na+ and Li+ ions in the structure, as revealed by the CEC values, led to an upward shift of the Si-O stretching band in the IR spectrum to the frequency at which the Si-O groups of pyrophyllite absorb. The CEC values showed th...
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