Abstract
The main aim of this review is to discuss and explain breakthrough solutions and main improvements in the construction of textile machinery originating in Czech Republic and their influence on processing and quality of textile products. Open-end spinning, jet weft insertion and jet looms, perpendicularly layered nonwovens and needleless electrospinning machines for manufacturing nanofibrous assemblies and corresponding technologies developed in Czech Republic are briefly discussed and pictorially illustrated. This review is also focused on specifying the different factors responsible for the development of technology and products in textile branches. The human and civilization factors influencing textile production and general requirement for advanced textile products are critically discussed. The unique position of the textile industry in society is demonstrated. The future basic needs that influence textile branch development are discussed.
Highlights
The production of textiles and the construction of clothing are two of the oldest industries, with a traditionally high degree of automation and the use of new energy sources, new types of materials and new production facilities
It is interesting that the basic principles of yarn preparation by twisting and the production of fabrics by intertwining warp and weft threads do not differ in principle from the original manual procedures known for thousands of years
Textile products that satisfy the need for clothing must, have both a functional and aesthetic aspect
Summary
The production of textiles and the construction of clothing are two of the oldest industries, with a traditionally high degree of automation and the use of new energy sources, new types of materials and new production facilities. Textile machines enabled the realization of the first continuous technologies, and they used punched cards before the development of computer technology; very quickly, the elements of cognitive robots were applied to them when handling materials Their speeds (with open end spinning up to 200,000 rpm) are extremely high and require the use of special solutions. Competition on world markets and a surplus of mass-produced products from Asian countries are causing a shift in production in Europe and USA towards customer-oriented textile products with new effects, quality and comfort [1] The aim of this contribution is to show the unique position of the textile industry in society, the basic reasons of its development and the requirements for basic types of textile products. The main breakthroughs in textile machinery developed in Czech Republic are briefly discussed
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