Abstract
Introduction There are guidelines and recommendations for translating and adapting tests to different languages to establish their validity and reliability. This work applied text mining techniques during the back-translation process of the ZKA-PQ across eleven cultures. Method Back-translated ZKA-PQ versions from eleven countries were analyzed. The back-translation process proceeded from the English language ZKA-PQ as the source, and the language/culture to which it was translated as the target questionnaire. Results There were comparisons among the items of the source and target versions, stopword removal, term-document matrices, synonym search, speech tagging, inter-term correlations, and a hierarchical clustering of the analyzed ZKA-PQ versions. Discussion Text mining can be of help in the analyses of the different versions of a self-report instrument when performing back-translation processes in cross-cultural research.
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