Abstract
We show that as a Type II supernova shock breaks out of its progenitor star, it becomes collisionless and may accelerate protons to energies >10 TeV. Inelastic nuclear collisions of these protons produce an approximately 1 h long flash of TeV neutrinos and 10 GeV photons, about 10 h after the thermal (10 MeV) neutrino burst from the cooling neutron star. A Galactic supernova in a red supergiant star would produce a photon and neutrino flux of approximately 10(-4) erg cm(-2) s(-1). A km(2) neutrino detector will detect approximately 100 muons, thus allowing to constrain both supernova models and neutrino properties.
Highlights
We show that as a Type II supernova shock breaks out of its progenitor star, it becomes collisionless and may accelerate protons to energies > 10 TeV
Type II supernovae are triggered by core collapse in a massive star, generating a strong shock wave which propagates through the progenitor star and ejects its envelope
Numerical simulations concluded that the shock breakout should be accompanied by a burst of hard UV and X-ray radiation [3,4]
Summary
We show that as a Type II supernova shock breaks out of its progenitor star, it becomes collisionless and may accelerate protons to energies > 10 TeV. Inelastic nuclear collisions of these protons produce a ∼ 1 hr long flash of TeV neutrinos and 10 GeV photons, about 10 hr after the thermal (10 MeV) neutrino burst from the cooling neutron star.
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