Abstract
The TeV energy band is a very exciting window into the origin of high energy cosmic radiation, particle acceleration, and the annihilation of dark matter particles. Above a few hundred GeV, ground-based experiments of very large effective areas open a new domain to study extragalactic sources at intermediate redshifts, galaxy clusters, gamma ray bursts, AGN and their flaring states, extended sources and galactic diffuse emission, and to indirect searches for dark matter. In particular, ground arrays of particle detectors -that operate with high duty cycles and large fields of view- can extend to multi-TeV energies the measurements made with experiments on satellites, and complement the observations done with air Cherenkov telescopes on the ground. Key science goals of ground arrays include performing unbiased all-sky surveys, monitoring of transient events from known (and unknown) sources, and detecting extended regions of diffuse emission. In this paper, the status and most recent results from ARGO-YBJ, Tibet AS, HAWC, and LHAASO are presented.
Highlights
The measurement of the spatial and energy distribution of very high energy rays is an essential tool to identify and understand the cosmic accelerators of the highest energy particles
Ground-based arrays of particle detectors play a key role in very high energy -ray astronomy due to their large active area (>104 m2), high duty cycle, and large field of view (∼2 sr)
Ground arrays can extend the spectra of known -ray sources beyond the reach of space-based detectors, characterize spatially-extended sources that are difficult to be observed with telescopes, and trigger multi-wavelength observations of transient events without the need to steer
Summary
The measurement of the spatial and energy distribution of very high energy rays is an essential tool to identify and understand the cosmic accelerators of the highest energy particles. Ground-based arrays of particle detectors play a key role in very high energy -ray astronomy due to their large active area (>104 m2), high duty cycle (usually >90%), and large field of view (∼2 sr). Ground arrays can extend the spectra of known -ray sources beyond the reach of space-based detectors, characterize spatially-extended sources that are difficult to be observed with telescopes, and trigger multi-wavelength observations of transient events without the need to steer. 3. The outlook of TeV -ray astronomy with ground-based arrays is summarized in Sect. 4. C The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. C The Authors, published by EDP Sciences
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