Abstract
The methylated analogue of the polyphenol resveratrol (RV), 2,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) displays potent antioxidant properties and is an effective cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 inhibitor. The bioavailability of TMS is low. Therefore, the use of liposomes for the encapsulation of TMS is a promising delivery modality for enhanced uptake into tissues. We examined the effect of delivery of TMS in liposomes on the restoration of vasodilator responses of isolated aortic vessels after acute tension elevation ex vivo. Aortic vessels from young male Wistar rats were isolated, and endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) responses assessed. Acute tension elevation (1 h) significantly reduced ACh dilator responses, which were restored following incubation with superoxide dismutase or apocynin (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Incubation with TMS-loaded liposomes (mean diameter 157 ± 6 nm; PDI 0.097) significantly improved the attenuated dilator responses following tension elevation, which was sustained over a longer period (4 h) when compared to TMS solution. Endothelial denudation or co-incubation with L-NNA (Nω-nitro-l-arginine; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) resulted in loss of dilator function. Our findings suggest that TMS-loaded liposomes can restore attenuated endothelial-dependent dilator responses induced by an oxidative environment by reducing NADPH-oxidase-derived ROS and potentiating the release of the vasodilator nitric oxide. TMS-loaded liposomes may be a promising therapeutic strategy to restore vasodilator function in vascular disease.
Highlights
The vascular endothelial lining of blood vessels plays a pivotal role in the synthesis and release of highly regulated vasoactive substances, including the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO)
Fluorescence peaks were detected at 517 nm from TMS–dye-encapsulated, but not blank or TMS-loaded liposomes (Figure 1A)
We demonstrated that TMS, loaded within liposomes, can restore the reduced aortic vasodilator response induced by a high oxidative environment by potentiating thethe
Summary
The vascular endothelial lining of blood vessels plays a pivotal role in the synthesis and release of highly regulated vasoactive substances, including the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). ED is associated with increased constriction, partly attributed to the decline in NO-mediated inhibition of potent vasoconstrictors such as 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20 HETE). Attractive supplements to current treatment strategies include plant-derived polyphenols such as resveratrol (RV; 3,5,40 -trihydroxystilbene), due to its anti-oxidant properties and ability to regulate the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme (eNOS) [4,5]. Recent studies have been dedicated to developing derivatives of RV that have greater bioavailability and pharmacological activity than
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