Abstract
Persulfate (PS)-based oxidation technology is efficient in removing refractory organics from water. A novel diatomite (DIA) support Fe and Ce composite (Fe-Ce/DIA) was prepared for activating persulfate to degrade tetracycline in water. The Fe and Ce were uniformly loaded on DIA, and the total pore size of Fe-Ce/DIA was 6.99 × 10−2 cm3/g, and the average pore size was 12.06 nm. Fe-Ce/DIA presented a good catalytic activity and 80% tetracycline was removed under the persulfate system. The Fe-Ce/DIA also had photocatalytic activity, and the corresponding tetracycline removal efficiency was 86% under UV irradiation. Fe-Ce/DIA exhibited less iron dissolution rate compared with Fe-DIA. The tetracycline degradation rate was enhanced when the temperature increased. The optimal tetracycline removal efficiency was obtained when the conditions were of persulfate 10 mM, Fe-Ce/DIA dosage 0.02 g/L, and tetracycline concentration 50 mg/L. In addition, Fe-Ce/DIA showed a wide pH application and good reusability and stability.
Highlights
Nowadays, the global pharmaceutical industry develops rapidly, and hundreds of antibiotics have been discovered and applied in human and animal medicine
The abuse of tetracycline had caused the universal presence of its residuals and metabolites in environments, in particular, these antibiotics are detected by the Wastewater Treatment
The average pore size of Fe-Ce/DIA was larger than DIA, which was beneficial to tetracycline adsorption
Summary
The global pharmaceutical industry develops rapidly, and hundreds of antibiotics have been discovered and applied in human and animal medicine. China consumed 1.62 × 105 tonnes of antibiotics in 2013, and approximately 52% of the antibiotics were used in livestock breeding and aquaculture [1], and the total production increased to 1.96 × 105 tonnes in 2019. Wastes with residual antibiotics are inevitable and eventually discharged into the water environment. Tetracycline (Figure S1), as a representative antibiotic, is widely used in animal production worldwide [5]. The abuse of tetracycline had caused the universal presence of its residuals and metabolites in environments, in particular, these antibiotics are detected by the Wastewater Treatment
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