Abstract
Low testosterone levels have been associated with increased risk for vascular disease. Previous studies have shown a significant decrease in intimal hyperplasia (IH) development in the presence of testosterone. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in vascular remodeling due to their ability to selectively degrade components of the extracellular matrix, allowing pathological vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation to the intimal layer. Our group has previously shown a positive correlation between estrogen/progesterone and IH development via increased MMP activity in vitro and in vivo.
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