Abstract
Nonneoplastic lesions of the testis include cryptorchidism, torsion, orchiepididymitis, granulomatous orchitis, and hypospermatogenesis. Intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type (ICGNU), is the precursor of both seminomatous and most nonseminomatous germ cell tumors in postpubertal patients. Distended tubules may have either intratubular seminoma or intratubular embryonal carcinoma cells. Most nonseminomatous tumors contain a mixture of tumor types, which are reviewed here. Morphology, aided by a panel of immunostains, can determine the presence and percent of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, or teratoma in such tumors. Up to 5% of testicular neoplasms may require immunostains. Occasionally, sex cord-stromal tumors, hematolymphoid tumors, and epididymal adenomatoid tumors enter the differential diagnosis of germ cell neoplasms.
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