Abstract
This study investigates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis under natural resources (NRs) constraint in nine Asian-Pacific countries with data spanning from 2000 to 2019. Using Pooled OLS estimations, results show that economic growth is on a pathway from which environmental quality is improved. Hypothesising that NRs exploitation is a potential factor that can exacerbate environmental quality, the study shows that the Asian economic structure is on a “green-resilience” path when controlling for total and each NRs component. The magnitude of each NR component in the ability of increasing CO2 emissions is characterised. Results are robust with different methods of estimations (control variables, alternative dependent variable, Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS)-3SLS Instrumental Variables strategies, Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) and Driscoll and Kraay methods). As policy implications, Asia-Pacific countries should amplify eco-innovation, development of renewable energies and fiscal policies as they positively impact FDI on green growth.
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