Abstract
The growing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) due to the transition to future smart grid requires a huge number of power converters that participate in the power flow. Each of these devices needs the use of a complex control and communication system, thus a platform for testing real-life scenarios is necessary. Several test techniques have been so far proposed that are subject to a trade-off between cost, test coverage, and test fidelity. This paper presents an approach for testing microgrids, by developing an emulator, with emphasis on the micro-inverter unit and the possibility of flexible configuration for different grid topologies. In contrast to other approaches, our testbed is characterized by small volume and significantly scaled-down voltages for safety purposes. The examination is concentrated specifically on the inverter behavior. The test scenarios include behaviors in case of load changes, transition between grid-tied and islanded mode, connection and removal of subsequent inverters, and prioritization of inverters.
Highlights
The world undeniably must turn from fossil fuels to a greener course to produce energy, for instance, with wind, solar, nuclear or bioenergy sources
Active and reactive power flowing through parallel inverter system can be expressed as on Equations (1) and (2), respectively
Where X is the output impedance of the inverter, φ is the phase angle, E is the amplitude of output voltage produced by the inverter and V is the load voltage
Summary
The world undeniably must turn from fossil fuels to a greener course to produce energy, for instance, with wind, solar, nuclear or bioenergy sources. An important organization in the transformation is the European Union (EU). Share for renewable energy, and 40% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels) [1]. The European Council established in 2019 the objective of making the EU climate-neutral by 2050, in line with the Paris Agreement. The smart grid (SG) is a key element in the global trend of the future energy system. The smart grid differs significantly when compared to the traditional grid. The first difference is that it enables bidirectional power flow. The Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are able to make the transition to smart grid possible [3]. Actors that are capable to produce more energy from Renewable Energy
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