Abstract
Satellite-derived bathymetry methods over coastal areas were developed to deliver basic and useful bathymetry information. However, the process is not straightforward, the main limitation being the need for field data. The Self-calibrated Spectral Supervised Shallow-water Modeler (4SM) method was tested to obtain coastal bathymetry without the use of any field data. Using Landsat-8 multispectral images from 2013 to 2016, a bathymetric time series was produced. Groundtruthed depths and an alternative method, Stumpf’s Band Ratio Algorithm, were used to verify the results. Retrieved (4SM) vs groundtruthed depths scored an average r2 (0.90), and a low error (RMSE = 1.47 m). 4SM also showed, over the whole time series, the same average accuracy of the control method (40%). Advantages, limitations and operability under complex atmosphere and water column conditions, and high and low-albedo bottom processing capabilities of 4SM are discussed. In conclusion, the findings suggest that 4SM is as accurate as the commonly used Stumpf’s method, the only difference being the independence of 4SM from previous field data, and the potential to deliver bottom spectral characteristics for further modeling. 4SM thus represents a significant advance in coastal remote sensing potential to obtain bathymetry and optical properties of the marine bottom.
Highlights
IntroductionAccurate bathymetry in the coastal area is one of the most basic yet fundamental sources of information for many purposes like navigation, military, resource exploitation, fisheries and tourism
Accurate bathymetry in the coastal area is one of the most basic yet fundamental sources of information for many purposes like navigation, military, resource exploitation, fisheries and tourism.Water depth is a major factor in community zonation and is a fundamental variable to map and model benthic habitats, for research and conservation purposes
The application of 4SM allowed retrieval of the bathymetry of the that showed be consistent with groundtruthed depths, but itthe generated a bathymetry model forSLC
Summary
Accurate bathymetry in the coastal area is one of the most basic yet fundamental sources of information for many purposes like navigation, military, resource exploitation, fisheries and tourism. Water depth is a major factor in community zonation and is a fundamental variable to map and model benthic habitats, for research and conservation purposes. Acoustic, radar and optical systems have been used to assess bathymetry [1]. They require substantial time and effort to be deployed, operated and interpreted. Such an effort can be challenging, especially in developing countries.
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