Testing normative and self-appraisal feedback in an online slot-machine pop-up in a real-world setting.

Michael M. Auer,Mark D. Griffiths

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00339

Abstract

Over the last few years, there have been an increasing number of gaming operators that have incorporated on-screen pop-up messages while gamblers play on slot machines and/or online as one of a range of tools to help encourage responsible gambling. Coupled with this, there has also been an increase in empirical research into whether such pop-up messages are effective, particularly in laboratory settings. However, very few studies have been conducted on the utility of pop-up messages in real-world gambling settings. The present study investigated the effects of normative and self-appraisal feedback in a slot machine pop-up message compared to a simple (non-enhanced) pop-up message. The study was conducted in a real-world gambling environment by comparing the behavioral tracking data of two representative random samples of 800,000 gambling sessions (i.e., 1.6 million sessions in total) across two conditions (i.e., simple pop-up message versus an enhanced pop-up message). The results indicated that the additional normative and self-appraisal content doubled the number of gamblers who stopped playing after they received the enhanced pop-up message (1.39%) compared to the simple pop-up message (0.67%). The data suggest that pop-up messages influence only a small number of gamblers to cease long playing sessions and that enhanced messages are slightly more effective in helping gamblers to stop playing in-session.

Highlights

The increasingly advanced technological environments of online gambling companies allow for sophisticated ways of promoting responsible play among gamblers (Griffiths et al, 2009; Auer and Griffiths, 2013)
In 2011, the online gambling operator decided to supplement their responsible gambling features and introduced a simple pop-up message that is triggered if their customers play 1,000 consecutive games on slot machines during a single online gambling session
Of the 11,232 sessions that lasted at least 1,000 consecutive slot games and received the original pop-up message, 75 sessions immediately terminated after the pop-up message was shown at the 1,000th consecutive game (0.67%)

Summary

Introduction

The increasingly advanced technological environments of online gambling companies allow for sophisticated ways of promoting responsible play among gamblers (Griffiths et al, 2009; Auer and Griffiths, 2013). It is believed that information that is given to people to enable behavioral change should encourage reflection as research has shown that self-monitoring changes behavior in the desired direction (e.g., Gilberts et al, 2001; Hardeman et al, 2002; Schwedes et al, 2002). It remains to be determined whether these pop-up interventions deliver the desired effects among the players that receive such messaging

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