Test Takers’ Performance Appraisals, Appraisal Calibration, and Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategy Use

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe current study explores the nature and relationships among test takers’ performance appraisals, appraisal calibration, and reported cognitive and metacognitive strategy use in a language test situation. Performance appraisals are executive processes of strategic competence for judging test performance (e.g., evaluating the correctness or appropriateness of responses to given test tasks). Appraisal calibration denotes a perfect match between appraisal confidence and actual test performance. 294 English as a foreign language (EFL) students took an English test, which was designed to measure four language areas (listening, grammar, vocabulary, and reading). The students reported their level of appraisal confidence immediately after answering each test question. At the end of the test, they were asked to report their overall appraisal confidence and perceived cognitive and metacognitive strategy use in the test. First, it was found that test takers were not well calibrated in all test sections. Second, test takers’ appraisal confidence could predict just above one third of the test performance variance. Third, test takers tended to be underconfident in easy questions but overconfident in difficult questions. Fourth, appraisal calibration was not strongly related to reported metacognitive strategy use. The implications of the study in light of strategic competence research and recommendations for further research are discussed.