Abstract
To learn the airproof capacity of filter cakes as opening chambers under air pressure, a series of tests were carried out. The variations of discharged water with air pressure and time were observed, and the relationship between airproof capacity of filter cakes and surrounding air pressure was analysed. The test results indicated that there were three stages as compressed air acting on filter cakes: completely not infiltration, a very small amount of infiltration, and penetration leakage. The certain air pressure between the first and second stages was called the airproofing value of filter cake. And a capillary bundle model was used to explain the mechanism of air tightness of filter cakes. In Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, a 5 cm thickness filter cake was formed in gravel sand, and its airproofing value was a little lower than 0.12 MPa. The air pressure used as opening chamber should be equal to the summation of water pressure in sand and airproofing value of filter cake. While the air pressure is larger than the summation, the filter cake would be gas permeable. The slurry formulation and airproofing value of filter cakes obtained in the tests were applied successfully in Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel.
Highlights
Nowadays, shield tunneling method has been widely used in the construction of subway and river-crossing tunnels in China [1]
In some soils with high permeability, the tunnel face cannot be supported effectively without any accessory measures as the massive air leakage. This problem has attracted the attention of construction enterprises in the world and some accessory measures, such as filter cakes formed on the surface, have been taken to reduce the permeability of soils as opening chamber under air pressure [2, 5]
This paper presents an experimental and a case study on the Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel accessing the working chamber under compressed air to study the breathability of a filter cake under the air pressure
Summary
Shield tunneling method has been widely used in the construction of subway and river-crossing tunnels in China [1]. Maintaining the stability of tunnel face is the most vital problem as opening chambers in shield tunneling projects [5]. Compressed air is used to support the tunnel face during opening chamber operations in some subjects. In some soils with high permeability, the tunnel face cannot be supported effectively without any accessory measures as the massive air leakage. This problem has attracted the attention of construction enterprises in the world and some accessory measures, such as filter cakes formed on the surface, have been taken to reduce the permeability of soils as opening chamber under air pressure [2, 5]
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