Abstract

Simple SummaryThe Five Times Sit to Stand Test is a useful tool for assessing the ability to stand and sit. Its performance is dependent on lower limb muscle strength and balance control. In older adults, it is a widely used measure to assess functional mobility. However, this test is also be used in individuals with respiratory, neurological, degenerative, musculoskeletal, and other pathologies. Our study shows that the Five Times Sit to Stand Test has high reliability, defined as the overall consistency of a measure, for healthy adults or individuals with pathologies, and can be used to assess lower body strength and establish therapeutic strategies accordingly.Functional independence in adults is conditioned by lower limb muscle strength. Thus, it seems important to assess lower limb strength using reliable and easy to reproduce measurements. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect studies that examined the test-retest reliability of the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in adults. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, including all studies published up to 28 December 2020. To be included, studies had to include relative reliability scores (ICC) and maximum torque or standard error of measurements (SEM) of FTSST. A total of 693 studies were initially identified, but only 8 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, covering a total of 14 groups with 400 participants. Relative inter-rater reliability results (ICC = 0.937, p < 0.001, n = 400) revealed excellent reliability of FTSST to assess sitting and standing performance, lower limbs strength and balance control. Conclusion: The Five Times Sit to Stand Test is a highly reliable tool for assessing lower limbs strength, balance control, and mobility in both healthy adults and those with pathologies.

Highlights

  • Muscle strength constitutes an essential quality for the mobility [8] and functional independence of people since movement is essential for the development of ADLs

  • This study focused on studies that assess the reliability of the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) test, both for healthy individuals and people with several pathologies such as spinal cord injury, hip osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic stroke, and Parkinson’s disease

  • M: males; F: females; T: full sample; wk: weeks; d: days; h: hours; HOA: hip osteoarthritis; H: healthy; PD: Parkinson’s disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SCI: spinal cord injury; CS: chronic stroke; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 95%

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Summary

Introduction

Muscle strength constitutes an essential quality for the mobility [8] and functional independence of people since movement is essential for the development of ADLs. Sitting and standing is considered a fundamental prerequisite for mobility [9]. The sit-to-stand movement is an activity that requires large joint torques, muscle strength of the lower extremities, sensorimotor coordination, balance, and psychological skills [10]. This action is a critical movement task performed in daily life that involves the functional ability to control the center of gravity while moving the base of support from the hips to the feet to achieve an upright posture [11]

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