Abstract
BackgroundThe ability to detect one’s own memory capacity and develop strategies based on daily contexts is important for daily activities. The Contextual Memory Test (CMT) assesses self-awareness, self-efficacy, self-perception/evaluation of performance, recall, and strategy use that are associated with daily contexts, and could be a potentially suitable measurement for assessing memory and meta-memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) remain unknown in these individuals.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine test-retest reliability and calculate MDC of the CMT in healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsEighty-three participants completed the CMT twice with a one-month interval. Test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in all seven domains of the CMT and the recognition subtest. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC were calculated. The Bland-Altman analysis was performed to evaluate the degree of agreement between measurements.ResultsThe ICC of five domains (self-awareness, self-perception/evaluation of performance, immediate/delayed/total recall) and the recognition subtest were good to excellent (ICC = 0.63–0.94) in healthy and MCI participants and the MDC% were less than 30% The ICC of the other two domains (self-efficacy and total strategy use, TSS) were low (ICC = 0.07–0.59) and the MDC% exceeded 30%. The Bland-Altman analysis showed generally better performance in the 2nd than the 1st measurement in most CMT domains.ConclusionsOur results revealed sufficient test-retest reliability and acceptable MDC in most CMT domains in healthy and MCI participants. Only the self-efficacy and TSS domains demonstrated low ICC and large MDC. Possible practice effects were found between repeated measurements. Clinicians should be cautious when evaluating self-efficacy and strategy use using the CMT in older adults. Further improvements are needed for these two domains.
Highlights
Meta-memory refers to one’s own knowledge and awareness about his/her own memory performance [1]
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of five domains and the recognition subtest were good to excellent
Our results revealed sufficient test-retest reliability and acceptable minimal detectable change (MDC) in most Contextual Memory Test (CMT) domains in healthy and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants
Summary
Meta-memory refers to one’s own knowledge and awareness about his/her own memory performance [1]. To perform various daily activities, individuals need to have good insights of their memory and predict whether they would be able to complete the desired tasks and if not, which strategies should be taken to successfully complete the desired tasks. These processes heavily relied on memory and meta-memory function including self-awareness, self-efficacy, and prediction/estimation of one’ own performance [1]. The Contextual Memory Test (CMT) assesses selfawareness, self-efficacy, self-perception/evaluation of performance, recall, and strategy use that are associated with daily contexts, and could be a potentially suitable measurement for assessing memory and meta-memory in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. The test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) remain unknown in these individuals
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