Abstract
where r00 is reliability, s| is error variance, and Sq is observed variance. In previous papers (1, 2) the case of non-inde pendence of true scores and error scores was con sidered. An example of non-independence of the two components is found in multiple-choice tests, where chance success due to guessing is possible. Here, true scores and error scores are negatively corre lated. A person with low true score is presented with a large number of items on which suc cessful guesses are possible. On the other hand, a person with a high true score guesses on only a small num ber of items. The error introduced by guessing thus depends upon true score. While the error com ponent corresponding to a particular true score is variable, according to a binomial distribution, the mean of that distribution also varies with true score. The result is a negative correlation between true scores and error scores for any given set of true scores.
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