Abstract

This chapter presents terrorists’ activities both at Surface Web and the Dark Web. Terrorists used to disseminate their propaganda and attract new supporters and recruits through social media, but so far this does not only take part in Surface Web as their online activity is being detected by law enforcement agencies. Recently terrorists turned to the anonymity and secrecy that the Dark Web provides in order to stay undetected from law enforcement agencies. That way, their online activity cannot be controlled by any government, and they can easily and undisturbed plan their actions. In order to communicate, beyond the Dark Web, terrorists use end-to-end encrypted apps such as Telegram and WhatsApp. With these mobile apps, the communication and coordination of their actions are immediate and secret. Lastly, the Dark Web is precious for terrorist groups as all the funding of their operations, and in general significant part of their overall income, comes from Dark Web transactions using cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.

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