Abstract
Terrorism in MENA has encountered a shift from insurgency-focused violent activities to ideologically motivated attacks that have been targeting civilians to an increasing extent. In the 2000s and 2010s, the rising number of terrorist incidents in the MENA have been enabled by larger terrorist groups with expanded resources and financial means, acting coordinatingly under a same ideological umbrella. This chapter therefore provides an in-depth analysis of the root causes of terrorism and of the motives driving terrorist groups in the MENA region as well as its local and international consequences. The Middle East and North Africa regions have been deliberately studied separately to provide a focus on some geopolitical dynamics that remain distinct regarding internal and external factors. This study also addresses the multidimensional causes of terrorism in the region and offers recommendations on how the origins of terrorism should be handled.
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