Abstract
This study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina. Wines were elaborated under standardized winemaking conditions over three consecutive vintages (2016–2018). Data discriminated wines from different GIs and parcels, based on an integrative data analysis by chemometric tools. Vintage effect and specific phenolic compounds were associated with some GIs or parcels. As well, regional climate conditions allowed partial discrimination of the GIs (and also some parcels). A random forest analysis correctly identified 11 out of 23 individual parcels across the different vintages. The most notorious compounds associated with such classification were p-coumaric acid, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, quercetin and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The presented research allows to individualize, through phenolic profiles, parcels with unique characteristics over years. This is the first report characterizing Malbec wines coming from several GIs (and individual parcels) in different vintages. These results are strongly related to terroir features of wines, contributing to a better communication to consumers and to position Argentinean wines.
Highlights
This study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina
Each sample was evaluated for Phenolic compounds (PCs) ((anthocyanins and low molecular weight (LMW)-PCs)) using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD)
The power of each variable in the first and second components is shown in Fig. S2, which indicates that the compounds ferulic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, (−)-epicatechin and (+)-gallocatechin are associated with the East Zone, while the compounds petunidin 3-O-acetylglucoside, quercetin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-acetylglucoside, peonidin 3-O-p-coumaroylglucoside, tyrosol, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, OH-tyrosol, astilbin, malvidin 3-O-p-coumaroylglucoside and quercetin-3-glucoside are related with the Uco Valley
Summary
This study evaluated the phenolic profiles of Malbec wines made from grapes of 23 parcels distributed in 12 geographical indications (GIs) from Mendoza, Argentina. The presented research allows to individualize, through phenolic profiles, parcels with unique characteristics over years This is the first report characterizing Malbec wines coming from several GIs (and individual parcels) in different vintages. These results are strongly related to terroir features of wines, contributing to a better communication to consumers and to position Argentinean wines. During the growing season temperatures roughly average20 °C, with high levels of solar r adiation[12] These conditions are quite optimal for Malbec grapes which typically require an intermediate to warm climate, with high solar potential, and low rainfall (along with specific vineyard management techniques)[13]
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