TERRITORIAL MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION AS AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET

Abstract

With the largest territory in the world, Russia faces special problems inthe distribution of labor resources. Management of territorial mobility becomesan urgent task of the state in the XXI century. From an economic point of view,territorial mobility prevents structural unemployment in the regions and contributesto economic growth. Most often, such mobility is beneficial not only to the state,but also to the citizens themselves, acquiring a stable place of work and therebyimproving the quality of their lives. However, in general, the Russian population is characterized by very low mobility. The article analyzes the opinions of experts fromthe Federal service of labour and employment on this issue. The past of the countryhas caused a number of features that prevent the movement from the region to theregion. These are: the structure of the real estate market (where the predominantobjects are owned, not rented), and the collectivism of Russian people (accordingwhich moving to a remote region is viewed as a break with the native community),and the tradition of living all life in one place.In such a situation, the state is forced to develop special social technologies thatstimulate people to move. These technologies are located in a continuum — fromactive stimulation of moving to regions with a shortage of labor resources throughserious financial support to consulting and providing information that enablepeople to make independent solutions. The article considers both general programsof territorial mobility management, implemented by the Federal center and theregions, and special programs, the most famous of which is the “Far-Eastern hectare”.The authors also draw attention to the increasing importance of information andconsulting activities of employment services that are carried out in the Internetand allow to synthesize multiple data (on vacancies, housing market, transportaccessibility, legal issues, etc.) necessary to improve territorial mobility.