Territorial integrity and state weakness

Abstract

The evolution of the norm of territorial integrity after the end of World War II has led to the decline of territorial conquest and has significantly contributed to international peace and stability. Among weak states though, its effects have been less positive. The literature shows how the norm of territorial integrity has had an adverse effect on weak states’ institutions and social cohesiveness. Although the existing literature is important and adds to our understanding of the question, there are missing links, and a more systematic analysis is needed in order to uncover the mechanisms through which the norm of territorial integrity leads to the perpetuation of state weakness. The analysis presented in this review looks at factors on a micro-, meso-, and macro-level and provides a holistic account for the effect of territorial integrity on weak states. The three key elements presented in this review relate to the state formation process, the proliferation of sovereigns, and institutional multiplicity. The combined effect of these mechanisms provides a more complete understanding of the link between territorial integrity and the proliferation and exacerbation of state weakness.