Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to survey the national literature after the universal neonatal hearing screening became compulsory, addressing aspects related to its territorial distribution, the screening procedures employed, and verify whether the internationally proposed quality indicators have been achieved. Methods: an integrative review of articles indexed in the BIREME, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria: Articles in Portuguese and English published after Law 12,303/2010 was passed, whose theme was the neonatal hearing screening in Brazil. Exclusion criteria: Information from books and/or chapters, integrative review articles or reflexive articles, studies conducted in other countries, and studies approaching a specific subpopulation. The search strategy combined the following descriptors in Portuguese and English, respectively: “Triagem Neonatal”, “Perda auditiva”, “Recém-nascido”, “Brasil”, “Neonatal Screenings”, “Hearing Loss”, “Newborn”, “Brazil”. Results: of the 224 articles found, 26 were duplicates, 38 were books or book chapters, three were integrative reviews, 20 were studies conducted in other countries, and 120 were either reflexive articles or studies approaching a specific subpopulation. The final sample comprised 17 articles that addressed the proposed theme. Conclusion: the South and Southeast Regions of Brazil concentrated most of the programs, and the main technique employed was the evoked otoacoustic emissions. Two quality indicators were achieved: performance rates within the first month of life, and diagnosis referral rates. However, the coverage rates remained below the expectation, and there were still high retest referral rates, high nonattendance rates in the subsequent stages, low satisfactory retest result rates, and a large number of “fail” in the two screening stages.
Highlights
Hearing is the sense through which people acquire oral language
Inclusion criteria: Articles in Portuguese and English published after Law 12,303/2010 was passed, whose theme was the neonatal hearing screening in Brazil
Its instructions included that the universal neonatal hearing screening program (UNHS) should cover at least 95% of live births, aiming to reach 100%; that they be screened no later than the first month of life; that the diagnosis referral rate be lower than 4%; that 90% of the referred neonates should adhere to the diagnosis stage; and that 95% of the infants with confirmed permanent hearing loss in both ears should start using hearing aid within a month from diagnosis
Summary
Hearing is the sense through which people acquire oral language. Such a function follows steps of increasing complexity, beginning in intrauterine life. The detection of hearing loss is part of the universal neonatal hearing screening program (UNHS), performed with electroacoustic/electrophysiological procedures. It must be carried out before the baby is one month old, preferably before hospital discharge. In cases of “fail” in the initial test or retest, the neonate must undergo an adequate medical and audiological assessment before they are three months old to confirm the hearing loss. They must start intervention by six months old, following recommendations from the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH, 2007)[2]. The goal, which used to be 1-3-6, becomes 1-2-3 months of life
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