Abstract

This article traces the geography of the “conflict minerals” campaign and its impact on artisanal mining in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a region that currently emerges as a pioneer case of traceability and due diligence efforts with regard to the exploitation and trade in tantalum, tungsten and tin. We subsequently analyse the opening and attempted closure of the Congolese resource frontier in the context of recent market reform, and we describe how this process has accompanied a transnational corporate–government nexus bent on monopolising Congo's artisanal 3 T resources. Specifically, we argue how the conflict minerals campaign and its implementation “on the ground” has brought about a harmful, disruptive logic for an artisanal mining sector that is notoriously categorised as unruly, illegal, and informal, but of which upstream stakeholders have in practice been jeopardised by transnational reform. We thus shift the attention from questions on the political economy of “resource wars” towards a deeper understanding of the intersecting spaces of production and regulation that underpin formalisation and traceability of “conflict minerals” in this protracted conflict environment. Resume Cet article retrace la geographie de la campagne contre les «minerais de conflit» et son impact sur l'exploitation miniere artisanale a l'est de la Republique Democratique du Congo (RDC), une region qui emerge actuellement comme un cas pionnier d'efforts de tracabilite et de diligence raisonnable a l'egard de l'exploitation et du commerce de tantale, tungstene et etain (3 T). Nous analysons l'ouverture et la fermeture tentative de cette «frontiere de ressources» en RDC dans le contexte de cette intervention recente, et nous decrivons comment ce processus accompagne l'emergence d'un assemblage transnational qui soutient une monopolisation progressive des ressources artisanales 3 T. Precisement, nous analysons la facon dont la campagne contre les «minerais de conflit» et sa mise en œuvre «sur terrain» a provoque une logique nefaste et disruptive pour un secteur d'exploitation miniere artisanale qui est notoirement juge indiscipline, illegal et informel, mais dont les parties prenantes en amont de la chaine d'approvisionnement ont ete largement mis en peril. Nous deplacons ainsi l'attention sur l'economie politique des «guerres de ressources» en portant l'analyse vers une comprehension plus profonde des espaces d'intersection entre production et regulation qui proposent la formalisation et tracabilite des minerais comme solution aux problemes plus larges lies aux conflits armes.

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