Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrence of T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype, as source of natural origin α-terpinyl acetate, to determine its phytotoxic and antimicrobial features. Were investigated 131 T. pulegioides habitats. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Phytotoxic effect of essential oil of this chemotype on monocotyledons and dicotyledons through water and air was carried out in laboratory conditions; the broth microdilution method was used to screen essential oil effect against human pathogenic microorganisms. Results showed that α-terpinyl acetate was very rare compound in essential oil of T. pulegioides: it was found only in 35% of investigated T. pulegioides habitats. α-Terpinyl acetate (in essential oil and pure) demonstrated different behavior on investigated plants. Phytotoxic effect of α-terpinyl acetate was stronger on investigated monocotyledons than on dicotyledons. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil inhibited seeds germination and radicles growth for high economic productivity forage grass monocotyledon Poa pratensis, but stimulated seed germination for high economic productive forage legume dicotyledon Trifolium pretense. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil showed high antimicrobial effect against fungi and dermatophytes but lower effect against bacteria and Candida yeasts. Therefore, T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype could be a potential compound for developing preventive measures or/and drugs for mycosis.
Highlights
Introduction αTerpinyl acetate (α-TA), a monoterpene ester, is a secondary plant metabolite, which could be found in some essential oils bearing plants such as Eletteria cardamomum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae), Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch (Apiaceae), Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), Chamaecyparis obtuse (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. (Cupressaceae), Stachys glutinosa L. (Lamiaceae), Gundelia tournifortii L. (Asteraceae), Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
Total amount of 131 habitants were investigated showing that the mean amount of αTerpinyl acetate (α-TA) in T. pulegioides habitats was lower than 1.5%
In six habitats located in Central and Northern Lithuania the amount of this chemical compound was higher than 5 % (Figure 2)
Summary
Introduction αTerpinyl acetate (α-TA), a monoterpene ester, is a secondary plant metabolite, which could be found in some essential oils bearing plants such as Eletteria cardamomum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae), Levisticum officinale W.D.J.Koch (Apiaceae), Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), Chamaecyparis obtuse (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. (Cupressaceae), Stachys glutinosa L. (Lamiaceae), Gundelia tournifortii L. (Asteraceae), Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Α-TA is a commercially important fragrance molecule with sweet, herbaceous floral and lavender odor It is widely used as fragrance ingredient and odor agent in soaps, shampoo, antiperspirants and lotions manufacturing, in air fresheners, in cleaning and furnishing care products, in laundry and dishwashing products [9]. Another use of α-TA is as a flavouring food additive in beverages, fruit ice creams, hard candies, baked goods, gelatine, puddings, and chewing gum [10]. Most of the genus Thymus species are medical, aromatic, essential oil containing plants, which are used as a flavor or fragrance ingredients in food industry. Different percentages of α-TA have been found in various Thymus species including large thyme (Thymus pulegioides) growing wild in Europe (Table 1)
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