Abstract
N. glutinosa L. is a relatively less studied Nicotiana species (Solanaceae), although there are data about its importance as a model plant in viral control studies, as a gene donor in tobacco hybridization and as a source of agents with insecticidal or fungicidal effects. The biological activities of the species were associated mostly with the presence of leaf surface metabolites, in particular diterpenes and sucrose esters. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and two aromatic extraction products (concrete and resinoid) obtained from N. glutinosa L. leaves. GC-MS analysis identified 26 components in the EO (representing 97.3% of total oil content), which contained mostly diterpene compounds with major components manool (14.2%), sclarene (8.4%) and manoyl oxide (8.1%). The number of compounds identified in the concrete was 37 (95.5% of the total content) and the major component was the diterpene alcohol sclareol (14.2%). In the resinoid, 30 volatile components (representing 95.1% of resinoid content) were identified, with major components nicotine (32.9%), α-tocopherol (8.2%), tridecanoin (6.9%), sclareol (6.9%), and solanone (6.9%). The group of bicyclic diterpenes had the largest share in the diterpene fraction of the products (57.3%, 91.7%, and 86.3%, respectively for the EO, concrete, and resinoid). Considering the abundance of sclareol in the aromatic products, the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance was determined. Sclareol was highly effective against a set of medicinally important yeasts; Candida albicans АТСС 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. parapsilosis clinical isolate, and C. tropicalis NBIMCC 23, while being less effective against the studied Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Data from the study on N. glutinosa aromatic products composition may be of interest to the aroma industries for their possible use in perfumery and cosmetics.
Highlights
Nicotiana glutinosa L. is one of the four Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) described by Linnaeus (1753), together with N. tabacum L., N. rustica L. and N. paniculata L
It is known that essential oil (EO) bearing plants are traditionally used by the fragrance industry to obtain natural products concentrating the fragrance of the plant material. These products are all standardized, commercially recognized and produced on a relatively large base. They include EOs obtained almost exclusively by steam distillation and aromatic products obtained by extraction, i.e., absolutes, concretes, resinoids, aromatic waters, supercritical fluids extracts, pomades, and some others [33,34,35,36,37]
The results from the GC-MS analysis of the aromatic products revealed their potential for use in the fragrance industry, as they all were rich in terpene and other aroma-active compounds
Summary
Nicotiana glutinosa L. is one of the four Nicotiana species (Solanaceae) described by Linnaeus (1753), together with N. tabacum L., N. rustica L. and N. paniculata L. In some early references [1] N. glutinosa was regarded as a member of Nicotiana section Tomentosae, an apparent mixture of traits characteristic of other sections was noticed. In the early 20th century, researchers already treated. N. glutinosa as a member of Nicotiana section Undulatae [2,3,4,5]. N. glutinosa is native to Northern and Central Peru and Southern Ecuador, where it has adapted well to semi-arid areas, rocky slopes and ditch banks [1,5]. Plants are more fragile and with tender stem than common tobacco (N. tabacum), rarely branching [6].
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