Abstract
Multiple shoots of <em>Telekia speciosa </em>were cultivated on MS medium containing 4.44 µM BAP and 0.54 µM NAA, solidified with agar. After eight weeks of culture the shoots were harvested and extracted with methanol. From the methanol extract one pseudoguaianolide – 2,3-dihydroaromaticin and three thymol derivatives: 8-hydroxy-9,10-diisobutyryloxythymol, 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyl isobutyrate and 10-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-8,9-epoxythymyl isobutyrate were isolated as major secondary metabolites. Moreover, the shoots produced megastigmane and monoterpene glucosides, which were isolated for the first time from the species. The content of 2,3-dihydroaromaticin in the shoot culture was similar to that found in the intact plant, whereas yields of the three thymol derivatives were higher from multiple shoots than from the plants grown in the open field.
Highlights
Heartleaf oxeye [Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg., Asteraceae, tribe Inuleae, basionym – Buphtalmum speciosum Schreb.] is a perennial plant native to Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor
It is the only species belonging to the genus Telekia Baumg. [1], which, to recent molecular phylogenetic studies based on both cpDNA and ITS sequence analysis [2] is closely related to Carpesium spp. and a group of resiniferous taxa of Inula L., including Inula helenium – a well known medicinal plant
Multiple shoot culture An in vitro shoot culture of T. speciosa was derived by inoculation of nodal explants excised from aseptic seedlings onto a solidified (0.8% agar) MS nutrient medium [14], containing 3% sucrose, 4.44 μM BAP and 0.54 μM NAA, with pH adjusted to 5.8, before autoclaving (20 min at 121oC)
Summary
Heartleaf oxeye [Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg., Asteraceae, tribe Inuleae, basionym – Buphtalmum speciosum Schreb.] is a perennial plant native to Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the only species belonging to the genus Telekia Baumg. Likewise the roots of the resiniferous Inula species, roots of T. speciosa contain essential oil with eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones as major constituents. Except for sesquiterpene lactones of eudesmanolide and pseudoguaianolide type, the plant reportedly contains xanthanolides, terpenoid cyclopropenone derivatives, polyacetylene, thymol and nerol derivatives [3,4,5,6]. Data on medicinal uses of T. speciosa are sparse, biological activity of secondary metabolites produced by the plant have gained some interest. Except for widely investigated alantolactone and isoalantolactone, other sesquiterpene lactones – telekin and 2,3-dihydroaromaticin have shown marked antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines in vitro [7,8]. 2,3-dihydroaromaticin is a potent inhibitor of lipopolisaccharide induced nitric oxide synthesis and a moderate inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB activation [9,10]
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