Abstract
Bioassay directed isolation of secondary metabolites from the rhizomes of Zingiber montanum (Fam. Zingiberaceae) led to the isolation of mono-, sesqui-, and di-terpenes. The compounds were characterized as (E)-8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial (1), zerumbol (2), zerumbone (3), buddledone A (4), furanodienone (5), germacrone (6), borneol (7), and camphor (8) by analysing one-dimensional (1D) (1H and 13C) and two-dimensional (2D) (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR data and mass spectra. Among these terpenes, compounds 1 and 2 revealed potential antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values 32–128 µg/mL; 0.145–0.291 mM)) against a series of clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance has increasingly become a major public health issue that currently claims 700,000 lives every year
The n-hexane, CHCl3, and MeOH extracts from the rhizomes of Z. montanum were initially screened for antibacterial activity (Table 1) against clinical isolates of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains
Extract did not exhibit any activity at a concentration of 512 μg/mL, both n-hexane and CHCl3 extracts showed activity against the MRSA strains tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 64–256 μg/mL
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance has increasingly become a major public health issue that currently claims 700,000 lives every year. 10 million deaths each year globally by 2050, which will be more than the predicted number of deaths by cancer [1] and will cause a cumulative 100 trillion USD of economic output due to the rise of drug-resistant infections [1]. Infectious diseases, like pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis are becoming difficult to treat because the antibiotics that are used to treat them are becoming less effective [2]. The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus relates to an extensive range of infection of skin and soft tissue, pneumonia, endocarditis, sepsis and bacteremia [3] that causes nosocomial infection (resistant to methicillin and vancomycin). It is no doubt important to discover new antibiotics to act against multi-drug resistant (MDR) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
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