Ternary hybrid nanofluid natural convection within a porous prismatic enclosure with two movable hot baffles: An approach to effective cooling

Abstract

Natural convection heat transfer in a porous prismatic enclosure emplacing two movable hot baffles may well be executed in this research. The domain may be loaded with ternary hybrid nanofluid and the governing energy and Navier-Stokes equations might well be solved using finite element approach. The simulation is devised for a wide range of Darcy number, Rayleigh number, non-dimensional length between hot baffles. Examination of the influence of flow and thermal fields through isotherms, vertical and horizontal velocities, streamlines and Nusselt and Bejan numbers is carried out lucidly. Water + Carbon Nanotube (cylindrical)+ Al2O3(spherical)+ Graphene (platelet) is regarded as heat transfer medium within the enclosure. Results indicate that amplification of Darcy number upgrades vertical and horizontal velocities up to 88.51% and 83.77%, respectively, streamlines up to 88.12% as well as Nusselt numbers and isotherms effectively. Augmented Rayleigh number gives rise to intensification of isotherms, vertical and horizontal velocities, and streamlines while it exhibits reverse effect for average Bejan number. Moreover, rise of non-dimensional length between hot baffles from 0.4 to 0.6 leads to the encumbrance of maximum streamline, horizontal and vertical velocities by 11.32%, 8.6% & 5.12% respectively and lifts up average Bejan number by 24.17%.