Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through an inclined shrinking sheet when soret, dufour and quadratic thermal radiation are significant: an irreversibility analysis with various shape factors

Abstract

As nanofluid technology continues to evolve, the knowledge gained from studying flow over an inclined shrinking sheet can be applied to various emerging applications. These could include heat pipes for spacecraft thermal management, thermal management systems for wearable electronics, or even designing microfluidic channels for efficient desalination processes. A ternary hybrid nanofluid (Ethylene Glycol, Copper (II) oxide, Titanium dioxide, and Silicon dioxide) is the main focus of this study, which aims to theoretically analyse its behaviour through a tilted shrinking sheet in the presence of heat source, Dufour, and Soret effects. Governing equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved using bvp4c solver. The main findings of this study are that enhancing the value of the couple stress parameter leads to a decline in fluid velocity, and increasing the Dufour number will upsurge the temperature of the fluid. It has been noticed that the Sherwood number exhibits a decline when the Soret number increases. We find that the Nusselt number noticeably increases by 0.147404161 (spherical), 0.151277029 (brick), and 0.156726935 (cylinder) for values of the Dufour number within the range of 0 to 3.