Természetvédelmi célú történeti elemzés

Abstract

Numerous recent studies have focused on botanical values and their relations with habitat conditions in light of landscape-use history. In the northernmost part of Nógrád County (Hungary), however, there has been no such kind of research, contrary to the southern areas of this county. Our aim was to explore the one-time vineyards of Karancsberény and Karancslapujtő villages in the northernmost part of Nógrád County, as well as to get to know the history of their landscape use, register the occurrences of protected and rare plants, and explore the condition of the habitats under succession after abandonment. Field investigations were done during the vegetation period of 2019 and 2020., in altogether 8 vineyard territories. We made a list of the vascular plants and the number of specimens in the case of protected plant species. We compiled landscape-use history information from various sources, such as historical and recent maps, statistics, literature sources, interviews with old local inhabitants, etc. The succession processes since the abandonment resulted in habitat patches with high natural value. Based on the nature conservation indicator values of vascular plants after Simon (based on the Ellenberg system), the ratio of species that refer to natural conditions overrides the rate of degradation-tolerant species everywhere, except for one area. There are almost no invasive alien species in the studied sites, except for a couple of specimens. The occurrence of seven protected (Adonis vernalis, Centaurea sadleriana, Dianthus deltoides, Linum hirsutum, L. tenuifolium, Ornithogalum brevistylum, Scabiosa canescens) and two other rare species (Chamaecytisus virescens, Thymelaea passerina) has to be emphasized. The current land management (grazing, and mowing in one site) helps the preservation of their values, but scrub encroachment dominates several parcels in lack of management, leading to the disappearance of some rare species.