Termite Nests: Architecture, Regulation and Defence

Abstract

Termite nest architecture evolved along with changes in lifestyle, the basic building behaviour being transmitted through the genes of reproductives. The main selective pressure is thought to have been defence against predators. In more advanced termites the maintenance of homeostasis in temperature and humidity may appear to dominate nest architecture. Nest defence involves nest structures in combination with the morphology and behaviour of the sterile castes. The soldier caste, characteristic of termites, is specialized for defence, with a variety of mechanical and chemical weapons, but this caste was lost in some advanced genera, especially the Apicotermitinae. Workers are always involved in defence (by aggression, emergency building, evacuation of the brood). Morphology and behaviour of the sterile castes, (including nest architecture) evolved in a co-ordinated manner through selection at the colony level.