Abstract
In most prokaryotic circular chromosomes, replication forks initiate from a specific origin of replication, move bidirectionally and divergently around the chromosome until meeting each other at specific sequences called replication termini (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). The replication termini are sequences to which replication terminator proteins bind (6, 7, 8) and the protein-DNA complex impedes the movement of replication forks in a polar or orientation specific manner (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). The arrest of replication forks at the terminus region constitutes the first step in the process of completing a round of replication and the orderly separation of the two daughter chromosomes. Following replication fork arrest, the separation of the two intertwined, circular daughter molecules is catalyzed by topoisomerase IV (15, 16, 17). Occasional multimers generated as a result of an odd number of recombination events between the two daughter molecules are resolved by a site-specific resolution system (18,19).
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