Abstract

The rigid projectile penetration into thick concrete targets was studied through static deep indentation and terminal ballistic tests with small-diameter projectiles. This work aims to investigate the correlation between indentation and penetration for concrete. First, ballistic penetration tests were conducted to obtain the dynamic impact test data including depth of penetration (DOP) and crater dimensions. Second, a sequent static deep indentation test on the concrete target was also carried out. The net axial resisting force was calculated from the recorded force-displacement history considering the effect of friction on static indentation. The resistance measurement was in good agreement with the ones from the ballistic tests suggesting that the static deep indentation tests can be used to estimate the target strength parameter R (Forrestal et al. 2003) of penetration resistance. Third, both the penetration and indentation tests were numerically studied by using the recently developed Lattice Discrete Particles Model (LDPM). LDPM is a discrete model built upon the internal structure of materials at mesoscale with inter-particle constitutive laws accounting for tensile cohesive fracture between aggregates, strain hardening in compression and compaction due to pore collapse. Numerical simulations of the penetration tests were validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimentally recorded DOP and crater damage contour. Moreover, the indentation simulation well captured the force-displacement curve with friction subtracted. Finally, the correlation between the penetration resisting force and static indentation load was further validated by extensive numerical simulations.

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