Abstract
High power attosecond (as) X-ray pulses are in great demand for ultrafast dynamics and high resolution microscopy. We numerically demonstrate the generation of a ~230 attosecond, 1.5 terawatt (TW) pulse at a photon energy of 1 keV, and a 115 attosecond, 1.2 TW pulse at a photon energy of 12.4 keV, using the realistic electron beam parameters such as those of Korean X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in a tapered undulator configuration. To compensate the energy loss of the electron beam and maximize its radiation power, a tapering is introduced in the downstream section of the undulator. It is found that the tapering helps in not only amplifying a target radiation pulse but also suppressing the growth of satellite radiation pulses. Tapering allows one to achieve a terawatt-attosecond pulse only with a 60 m long undulator. Such an attosecond X-ray pulse is inherently synchronized to a driving optical laser pulse; hence, it is well suited for the pump-probe experiments for studying the electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and solids on the attosecond time-scale. For the realization of these experiments, a high level of synchronization up to attosecond precision between optical laser and X-ray pulse is demanded, which can be possible by using an interferometric feedback loop.
Highlights
The advent of X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) [1,2,3,4,5] sources has set a new frontier in X-ray science due to remarkable advances in its characteristics
Attosecond science is a new exciting frontier born with the subfemtosecond extreme ultraviolet light pulses via high harmonic generation (HHG) based on femtosecond lasers [6,7]
X-ray beamline (3.15 GeV e-beam) of Korean XFEL to assess the performance of the multi-electron spike scheme
Summary
The advent of X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) [1,2,3,4,5] sources has set a new frontier in X-ray science due to remarkable advances in its characteristics. Attosecond science is a new exciting frontier born with the subfemtosecond extreme ultraviolet light pulses via high harmonic generation (HHG) based on femtosecond lasers [6,7]. This field will enrich even more with the development of isolated attosecond (as) XFEL pulses. Tanaka [29] proposed a scheme to produce high peak powers of up to the terawatt range His design uses a combination of slotted foil [27], enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) [20], and optical and electron beam delay between undulator sections. This is the first numerical demonstration for a TW, isolated, attosecond, soft X-ray pulse
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