Teratoma inside a myelomeningocele

Abstract

A myelomeningocele (MMC) can be associated with paraplegia, bladder and bowel incontinence, Chiari malformation Type II, and hydrocephalus. The coincidence of an MMC and a neoplasm is rare, and only limited reports on the concurrence of a teratoma within an MMC have been published. A retrospective study was performed using the records of 330 children who underwent operations to correct an MMC at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Tehran between January 2001 and June 2005. The postoperative histopathological assessments in 15 (4.5%) of these patients revealed evidence of a teratoma inside the MMC. The age of these patients at admission ranged from 2 days to 2 years (median 30 days). Neurological findings were normal in all patients except for three with lower-extremity weakness or paralysis. Hydrocephalus was detected in six patients. Physical appearance of the teratoma in all cases included cystic or solid soft-tissue masses in the dorsal midline area, covered with abnormal rudimentary skin. Pedunculated skin tags, a primitive genitalia-like appendage, dermal sinus, a human tail, and cutaneous stigmata such as color changes, hemangioma, dysplastic skin, and tufts of hair around the mass were occasionally observed. The special feature of a protruding fingerlike appendage or intraoperative detection of a cystic portion of an MMC without direct connection to the spinal canal can be possible signs of teratoma concurrent with an MMC. Teratoma inside an MMC is a benign neoplasm, without any recurrence after standard surgery for an MMC.