Teratogenic responses of zebrafish embryos to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in the presence of nano-SiO2 particles

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of nano-SiO2 particles (nSiO2) on the teratogenic responses of zebrafish embryos to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BDE-209 in the absence and presence of nSiO2 for 96 h post fertilization (hpf). Results showed that formation of nSiO2-BDE-209 associates promoted both extracellular and intracellular uptake of BDE-209 by zebrafish embryos, thereby increasing the bioconcentration of BDE-209 on the chorion surface and the embryos. Results also showed embryos delay hatching temporarily when co-exposure to BDE-209 and nSiO2 at 60 hpf. Furthermore, there was heartbeat decline (28.3 beats/10s) and increase in irregular heartbeat (45.8%) in zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf, compared to the sole exposure to BDE-209 (32.7 beats/10s and 0%). Malformation in terms of spinal curvature (SC), pericardial edema (PE) and yolk sac edema (YSE) were observed on zebrafish larvae at 33.9, 23.4, and 18%, respectively. Overall, abnormal development of zebrafish was apparent when co-exposure to BDE-209 and nSiO2. All relevant evidence considered, nSiO2 could facilitate the transport of BDE-209 towards zebrafish embryos and negatively impact the development of zebrafish.