Abstract
Z-cut single-crystal quartz and vitreous silica (silica glass or fused silica) were evaluated for use as reference materials for terahertz and microwave measurements of complex permittivity, with Z-cut quartz confirmed as being suitable. Measurements of refractive indices and absorption coefficients for o-ray and e-ray in quartz and for vitreous silica are reported at frequencies between 0.2 and 6 THz and at 36 and 144 GHz, and compared with data reported in the literature. A previously unreported broad band was seen in the extraordinary absorption of quartz. The Boson peak in silica glass absorption was examined, and for the first time, two negative relationships have been observed: between the refractive index and the Boson peak frequency, and between the Boson peak height and its frequency.
Highlights
IntroductionTo evaluate the suitability of Z-cut singlecrystal quartz and glassy silica as reference materials for terahertz (THz) and microwave (MW) measurements
A reference material for spectroscopy should have highly reproducible properties that vary less than typical measurement uncertainty, and that are constant among all reputable manufacturers and production batches
We report our findings in detail, confirming that Z-cut quartz is a good reference material
Summary
To evaluate the suitability of Z-cut singlecrystal quartz and glassy silica as reference materials for terahertz (THz) and microwave (MW) measurements. The current lack of reference materials suitable for calibrating and testing measurements of complex permittivity at THz and MW frequencies is an acknowledged and pressing issue that requires being addressed [1,2]. Quartz and silica appear to be good candidate materials due to their wide availability and affordability, standard fabrication techniques, and high chemical purity. A reference material for spectroscopy should have highly reproducible properties that vary less than typical measurement uncertainty, and that are constant among all reputable manufacturers and production batches. We report our findings in detail, confirming that Z-cut quartz is a good reference material. Silica glass of nominally the same grade exhibits significant variations in both refractive index and absorption at THz frequencies, the refractive indices at 36 GHz show negligible variation
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