Teoretiske og ideologiske innflytelser på utviklingen av psykiatrisk sykepleie etter 1960 — en litteraturgjennomgang

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to give an overview of theoretical and ideological impacts on the development of psychiatric nursing. The chosen method for this review is the resumé format. This has been carried out by outlining the contents of theoretical and research articles in psychiatric nursing journals in the period 1960–2008. Three theoretical influences are prominent in this resumé: The human science influence (humanistic-existential approach; psychodynamic approach), natural science influence (biomedical approach; generalised, decontextualised facts of knowledge) and social science influence (anti psychiatry; psychosocial impacts; holism and pluralism; user perspective). In conclusion, a main concern in the reviewed articles is to present the contribution of psychiatric nursing as complementary to other professions work in order to meet the challenges in the field of mental health services. Consequently, a strong emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration and cooperation with users are present. The importance of making ideological perspectives explicit is pointed out as having impacts on the modes of care, nursing and treatment of persons with mental health disabilities. The reviewed articles show that the social science perspective has gradually influenced psychiatric nursing both ideologically and practically. Finally, it seems that psychiatric nursing philosophy presents counter-arguments to the emphasis on biomedical research and practice in contemporary mental health care.