Abstract
Tension pyopneumothorax is a relatively uncommon complication of pneumonia. The diagnosis of pyopnuemothorax should be considered based on clinical signs, such as decreased air entry, hyper-resonant percussion note and dullness to percussion over the affected area. Profound anaemia may also occur. The striking horizontal line [air-fluid level] on chest radiograph demarcating the pneumothorax from the empyema should alert the clinician to the diagnosis of a pyopneumothorax. Antibiotic therapy in combination with closed tube thoracostomy drainage helped ensure a good outcome in this instance. A case of tension pneumothorax is herein reported to illustrate the complications of pneumonia in children, and the implications of delayed presentation. It is hoped that advocacy will be consistently conducted at facility and community levels to improve the awareness and care-seeking behaviour of parents and caregivers.
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