Tensile Membranes and Public Spaces Thermal Comfort: An Analytical Review

Abstract

Urbanization altered urban microclimates intensifying the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and thereby increasing outdoor thermal discomfort. Tensile membrane structures (TMS), due to their shading and cooling properties, present a viable solution for enhancing thermal comfort in urban public spaces. This paper synthesizes numerical outcomes from several studies integrating empirical data, computational models, and subjective assessments to evaluate the impact of TMS on thermal comfort. Results indicate that TMS can reduce ambient temperatures by 2-3°C and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) by approximately 2.3-2.4°C or up to 5.4ºC on Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) values, therefore enhancing user thermal comfort. The study underscores the critical role of design factors such as form, aperture, location, and strategic placement in optimizing TMS effectiveness. It also highlights the importance of considering local climatic conditions and user behaviours in the design and implementation of shading solutions. Subjective assessments reveal higher comfort levels in shaded areas, emphasizing the psychological benefits of TMS. Overall, TMS not only mitigate heat stress but also enhances the aesthetic and functional quality of urban environments, contributing to sustainable and liveable urban development. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights for urban planners, designers, and policymakers in creating more comfortable and resilient public spaces.