Tenotomy of the middle ear muscles causes a dramatic reduction in vertigo attacks and improves audiological function in definite Meniere's disease

Abstract

Conclusions: Because the presented data reveal an immediate and persistent reduction of vertigo and a clear improvement in hearing function and functional scales, we conclude tenotomy to be effective in unilateral, definite Meniere's disease – laying the foundation for future prospective, randomized controlled trials. Objectives: This study compares the unique long-term results of tenotomy of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles in definite Meniere's disease refractory to medical treatment and presents a hypothesis on why tenotomy seems effective. Methods: This was an interventional cohort study. The study sample comprised 30 patients (15 males, 15 females; average age 57 ± 13.1 years) with definite Meniere's disease (AAO-HNS criteria, 1995). Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using pure tone audiometry, AAO-HNS questionnaires regarding vertigo attacks, functional level scores, and tinnitus, and were followed up for 2–9 years. Postoperative values were calculated for the patient collective as a whole and consequently divided into three equal postoperative terms of 3 years each. Results: A statistically significant improvement of inner ear hearing levels postoperatively (p = 0.041) and a major reduction in vertigo attacks in all groups (p < 0.001) with complete absence of attacks in 26/30 patients was noted. Results remained constant up to 9 years postoperatively. Although tinnitus persisted, the intensity was lower overall (p = 0.013).