Abstract
Teneurins have well established roles in function and maintenance of the central nervous systems of vertebrates. In addition, teneurin c-terminal associated peptide (TCAP), a bioactive peptide found on the c-terminal portion of teneurins, has been shown to regulate glucose metabolism. Although, the majority of research conducted on the actions of teneurins and TCAPs has strictly focused on neurological systems in rodents, TCAP was first identified in rainbow trout after screening trout hypothalamic cDNA. This suggests a conserved functional role of TCAP across vertebrates, however, the current depth of literature on teneurins and TCAPs in fish is limited. In addition, the overall function of TCAP in regulating metabolism is unclear. This review will highlight work that has been conducted specifically in fish species in relation to the teneurin system and metabolism in order to identify areas of research that are needed for future work.
Highlights
Teneurins, a family of highly conserved proteins, are large signaling molecules that act as type II transmembrane receptors at the cell surface, and intracellularly as transcriptional regulators when the intracellular domain is released (Tucker and Chiquet-Ehrismann, 2006; Tucker et al, 2007; Scholer et al, 2015)
A small peptide released from the C-terminus, known as teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP; Figure 1A), can be cleaved and is known to exert action on several cellular functions independently of teneurin action (Wang et al, 2005)
Teneurins were discovered in fish in 1999, when 2 homologs of tenm/odz were isolated while looking for factors regulated by LIM/homeodomain transcription factor Islet-3 in zebrafish (Mieda et al, 1999)
Summary
Teneurin c-terminal associated peptide (TCAP), a bioactive peptide found on the c-terminal portion of teneurins, has been shown to regulate glucose metabolism. The majority of research conducted on the actions of teneurins and TCAPs has strictly focused on neurological systems in rodents, TCAP was first identified in rainbow trout after screening trout hypothalamic cDNA. This suggests a conserved functional role of TCAP across vertebrates, the current depth of literature on teneurins and TCAPs in fish is limited. The overall function of TCAP in regulating metabolism is unclear.
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