TENDON INJURIES AFTER DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES

Abstract

Tendon injuries after distal radius fractures Introduction: Tendon injuries after distal radius fractures are a well-documented complication that can occur in fractures managed both operatively and non-operatively. The extensor tendons, in particular the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon, can be damaged and present late after initial management in a cast, or by long prominent screws that penetrate the dorsal cortex and cause attrition. Similarly, a prominent or distally placed volar plate can damage the flexor pollicis longus tendon (FPL). The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of tendon injuries associated with distal radius fractures.We conducted a single centre prospective observational study. Patients aged 18-99 who presented with a distal radius fracture between May 2018 to April 2020 were enrolled and followed-up for 24 months. Tendon injuries in the group were prospectively evaluated. Results: 199 patients with distal radius fractures were enrolled. 119 fractures (59.8%) had fixation and 80 (40.2%) were managed incast. In the non-operative group, 2 (2.5%) had EPL ruptures at approximately 4 weeks post injury. There were no extensor tendon ruptures in the operative group. In the operative group, there were 6 (5%) patients that required removal of metalware for FPL irritation. At the time of operation, there were no tendon ruptures noted. Within the operative group we evaluated plate prominence using a previously described classification (Soong et al.). 5 of the 6 patients (83%) with FPL irritation had Grade 3 prominence.The incidence of both flexor and extensor tendon injury in our cohort was 4%, extensor tendon rupture was 1% and flexor tendon rupture was avoided by early metalware removal. This study demonstrates tendon injuries are not uncommon after distal radius fractures, and close examination and follow-up are necessary to prevent eventual rupture. Plate prominence at the time of fixation should be minimised to reduce the risk of rupture.